Aircraft landing

One of the most complex tasks a pilot has to achieve is to achieve a smooth and secure aircraft landing. Early pilots landed on an open field, facing any direction that gave them the finest angle relative to the wind. But as traffic grew, and more aircraft began to use airports rather than farms or fields, aircraft landings became limited to certain directions. Aircraft landing aids were developed to help pilots find the correct aircraft landing course and to make aircraft landing safer.
Airports had begun using lights in the late 1920s, when aircraft landing fields were marked with revolving lights so they could be found after dark. In the early 1930s, airports installed the earliest forms of approach lighting. These indicated the right angle of descent and whether the pilot was right on target. Their aircraft landing path was called the glide path or glide slope. Regularly, the colors of the lights and their rates of flash became standard universal based on International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards. The Air Mail Service intermediate, or emergency, aircraft landing fields that it established along the air route used rotating electric beacons and lights that were set about the perimeter of the field.
The opening of the slope line approach system was a first in aircraft landing aids. Developed in the 1940s, the aid consisted of lights in rows that showed the pilot a simple funnel of two rows that led him to the end of the runway. Radio navigation aids also assisted in aircraft landing. These radio beams flared external from the aircraft landing point like v, so at the point farthest from the runway, the beams were widely alienated and it was simple for the pilot to fly between them. But near the aircraft landing point, the space between the beams was extremely narrow, and it was often simple for the pilot to miss the exact center point that he had to hit for aircraft landing.