Aircraft engine

A propulsion system for an aircraft is an aircraft engine. Aircraft engines are almost always either gas turbines or lightweight piston engines. To achieve specific goals engineers design specific attributes into aircraft engines. For an engine, aircrafts are one of the most demanding applications, presenting multiple design requirements, many of which conflict with each other.

History of aircraft engines:
1633: Lagari Hasan Çelebi took off with what was described to be a cone shaped rocket and then glided with wings into a successful landing
1848: John Stringfellow made a steam engine capable of powering a model, albeit with negligible payload
1938: The German Heinkel HeS 3 turbojet propels the Heinkel He 118 into the air
19391942: The worlds first turbo prop the Jendrassik Cs1 is designed by the Hungarian mechanical engineer György Jendrassik
1944: Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet, the worlds first rocket propelled aircraft deployed
1949: The Leduc 010 the worlds first ramjet powered aircraft flie
2002: HyShot scramjet flew in dive
2004: HyperX first scramjet to maintain altitude

An aircraft engine should have the following characteristics:
1) Reliable, as losing power in an airplane is a substantially greater problem than an automobile engine seizing. Aircraft engines operate at temperature, pressure, and speed extremes, and therefore need to operate reliably and safely under all these conditions.

2) Aircraft engine should be repairable to keep the cost of replacement down. Minor repairs should be relatively inexpensive.

3) Fuel efficient to give the aircraft the range the design requires.

4) Aircraft engine should be capable of operating at sufficient altitude for the aircraft

5) Lightweight, as a heavy engine increases the empty weight of the aircraft & reduces its payload.

6) Powerful, to overcome the weight and drag of the aircraft.

7) Small and easily streamlined; large engines with substantial surface area, when installed, create too much drag, wasting fuel and reducing power output.